In our investment approach, we never explicitly attempt to look for catalysts to take advantage of return-enhancing M&A deals. The chief reason is that such situations are pursued by many market participants and should be efficiently reflected in the current price for a particular asset. Having said that, hitherto unexpected value-releasing events such as mergers, takeovers, spin-offs, carve-outs, joint ventures or going-privates occur with notable frequency among our investee set. It thus appears that our vantage point as deep value investors rhymes with what dealmakers are looking for when proposing a transaction.
Over the years four principal deal patterns have emerged that account for this effect. First, our predilection for conglomerates and diversified businesses enhances the likelihood that one of the divisions will eventually be sold or spun-off as part of strategic corporate realignments. If, for example, a company sells a non-core business at an attractive price to a competitor which expects to extract synergies through a purchase, we usually have a win-win situation for both deal parties involved and, by extension, for us as a shareholder.
Second, our cyclical and asset-intensive companies are always on the lookout for possibilities to extract operating and capital efficiencies to better survive lean times. A route to accomplish this aim is to join forces with a competitor or a strategic partner. Specifically, deal activity repeatedly involves investees of ours in the materials and resources sector whenever a particular commodities market has gone through a prolonged contractionary phase. As bargain hunters specializing in the accumulation of shares around cyclical troughs, we typically benefit from such corporate combinations through a subsequent rerating of the stock.
Third, many of our family holding companies are notoriously asset rich but cash poor. They tend to possess highly valuable assets, for example in the form of coveted brand names or real estate in prime locations. Consequently, from time to time they engage in the sale of such properties if they need to raise capital or simply want to take advantage of an attractive opportunity to monetize hidden value. Assets of this nature will typically have been recorded at historical cost on the books. A sale can generate significant extraordinary income, which is often distributed to shareholders via a special dividend.
And fourth, our portfolio’s preponderance in companies with control ownership in many cases leads to going-privates. Over time, several of our firms have bought out minorities for various reasons: listing requirements and costs as a public entity are deemed to outweigh the benefits; insiders’ confidence in better future earnings streams has motivated them to own the entire 100% of shares; or they simply opt to squeeze out potentially difficult-to-deal-with small shareholders. In such cases a significant premium to the recent stock price is commonly offered to complete the tender successfully.
In sum, corporate events such as the ones described above usually impact the portfolio in three ways: (1) the stock price rises on incrementally positive news; (2) the market’s assessment of the company’s fundamental or transaction value increases even if no immediate deal materializes; and (3) a potential cash inflow—by means of a cash tender or dividend—enables us to redeploy funds to new investment ideas. As an exception to the rule, on a few occasions it has happened that an all-cash takeover has taken effect below our average entry price and/or below our conservative estimate of intrinsic value. This is an ever-present possibility which we are conditioned to deal with and accept as passive minority investors in deep value situations.
Most academic studies conclude that M&A on average fails to add—or even destroys—value. A reason could be that price sensitivity often plays a subordinated role in a proposed transaction. In our case, however, M&A has led to net positive results for the portfolio. We attribute this experience to the fact that on average we buy inexpensively enough before a potential deal arises. In short, the discipline of investing in undervalued substance should pay off for passive minorities across the portfolio and over time, even when factoring in the uncertainty that M&A conveys.
Sincerely,
Gregor Trachsel
Chief Investment Officer SG Value Partners AG